The Challenge of Organizational Communication - 714 Words

The Challenge of Organizational Communication video†¦ What does it all mean? It means that in recent years the world has been changing faster than ever before and becoming more complex than anyone could ever imagine. Katherine Miller points out 4 aspects of these changes that were barely on the radar 20 years ago, but today dominate much of our thinking. The first one is globalization. It has become a truism to say that we live in a global economy and participate in a global market. The emerge of both was facilitated by key political changes such as the end of the cold war and creation of the European Union. As a result, they triggered the emerge of various institutions to help regulate the global economy (World Trade Organization†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, it’s vital to know that the implications of the war on terror also include complex military and political actions, involving negotiations with wide range of government entities, as well as public relations and crisis communication in daily operations of homeland security (such as airport security of passport application process). Other questions to be addressed are: - How can we prevent our fear of terror from becoming a fear of each other? - What communication systems should be put into practice to ensure security of our borders and protect the wellbeing of individuals who serve as first respondents in the war of terror? In terms of Climate change, which is the third challenge, the role of organizational communication is widespread. Since most of the human contribution can be traced to factors such as our system of energy production, factory manufacturing and petroleum-fueled transportation, when searching for ways to reverse or at least slow down the process of climate change, industrial organizations play a key role. Organizational communication is, therefore, important in both discussions about the global warming and dealing with many of its effects. Finally, it opens up opportunities for businesses that want to increase the level of environmental responsibility and sell themselves asShow MoreRelatedImplementing The Organizational Structure, Design, And Challenges Associated With The Strategy For Expansion And Innovation1435 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States-based international company, is the world’s largest e-commerce business. The organizational leaders want to expand into China but d oing so requires them to evaluate their organization structure to determine if it aligns with the consultants’ recommended strategy for expansion and innovation. This paper begins with an evaluation of Amazon’s existing organizational structure, design, and challenges associated with the existing design. There is a review of the recommended changes to theRead MoreCommunity Health Center Of Central Wyoming ( Chccw ) Faces During Its Redesign Phase Of Organizational Change945 Words   |  4 Pageskeep up with internal and external environmental demands. When organizations are in the process of changing, an organizational redesign is in the works. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss redesign challenges that Community Health Center of Central Wyoming (CHCCW) faces during its redesign phase of organizational change. Fundamentals of Organizational Redesign Organizational redesign is the process in which changing an organization’s informal design is due to shifting dynamics in the organization’sRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Communication?1174 Words   |  5 Pagesof Colorado in his video titled what is Organizational Communication? Explains the concept of communication in the context of an organization and summarizes the roadblocks and problems we have in communication as the technology around us gets sophisticated. The common conception is that the technology to facilitate communication is not fully developed. However, people are communicating regardless of how they connect and the basic barriers to communication such as power, politics, influence, cultureRead MoreOrganizational Development ( Od )1130 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational development (OD) refers to a process of enhancing personal and organizational change, and increasing the organization’s effectiveness by using interventions that are driven by behavioral and social science knowledge (Brown and Harvey 2011).The main aim of organizational development in any given organization is to bring change that will drive the organization towards attaining effectiveness in its operations. Organizations need to change in order to become more productive, satisfyingRead MoreOrganizational Leadership : An Organization s Effectiveness And Productivity1315 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop and provide direction for an organization. Organizational leadership is the person or people established to oversee and have authority over a particular department within an organization. Good leadership can set the tone of the working environment, the company’s vision and expectations. Various leadership issues can arise in organizations that can cripple an organization’s effectiveness and productivity. Identifying and addressing the organizational issues is just the first step in resolving theRead MoreEvaluate the Effectiveness of Diagonal Comm unication as a Management Strategy to Achieve Organisation Objectives1269 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational communication is the process by which information is shared within organization as business; it uses concise messages and clearly defined terms. Individuals use and rely on communication if its processes and messages are perceived as understandable and trustworthy. Outside of informal social interactions, individuals in an organization typically communication coworkers in their departments which have attained the same status they have or they communicate with direct supervisors orRead MoreEvaluate the Effectiveness of Diagonal Communication as a Management Strategy to Achieve Organisation Objectives1280 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational communication is the process by which information is shared within organization as business; it uses concise messages and clearly defined terms. Individuals use and rely on communication if its processes and messages are perceived as unde rstandable and trustworthy. Outside of informal social interactions, individuals in an organization typically communication coworkers in their departments which have attained the same status they have or they communicate with direct supervisors orRead MoreCarl Robbins Case Study Analysis1318 Words   |  6 Pagesattention. Drawbacks of communication within the organization are evident; however, there are other components that need to be considered. This case study analysis will provide the key components that contributed to the failure of Carl’s 1st recruitment effort. This case study will also review and provide recommendations of the key components: Communication, Organizational Culture, and Transparency. Background * In this case, Carl Robins is facing a few challenges reaching the goals, set byRead MoreOrganizational Program Design Project Design1466 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Program Design Project Adaku Otuonye Leadership and OGM in Healthcare MPH 543 October, 2014 Concordia University, Nebraska Abstract Majority of the organizations today are challenged by issues that test the strength and the ability of the organization; challenges that require strategic ways of thinking and effective leadership skill sets. In our present age of strategic dynamic change, it is critical that the managers and the leaders of organizations understand the source, causeRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfor sexual harassment; and HR Manager (SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P)

The New Fuss About Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay

<h1> The New Fuss About Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay </h1> <h2>Hearsay, Lies and Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay </h2> <p>The banter about whether understudy competitors should be paid could go on. On account of this nonappearance of cash, bootleg trades are made. In any case, here once more, it's a truly concise term answer for a protracted term issue. What's more, it doesn't generally fix the issue, states Professor Weiss. </p> <p>The answer is by all accounts yes. The issue, as of now, is this option is just promptly accessible to low-salary individuals who may demonstrate they are encountering money related hardship. In the event that you are scanning for top article composing organizations, give a shot the referenced previously. This paper draws out the focal points and inconveniences about the issue and moreover a few people's perspectives on the issue. </p> <h2> What the In-Crowd Won 't Tell You About Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay </h2> <p>Another significant contention for not repaying school competitors is the straightforward reality that we've never done so already. They are individuals that are attempting to get to the masters and hence, are not paid in light of the fact that they have not made it yet. Loads of individuals who express that school competitors needn't bother with more cash don't take a gander at the mental aspect of the issue. The whole to pay competitors must originate from some place, which may set the least-well known school programs at risk for being cut. </p> <p>In the occasion the competitors are paid for playing sports then liable to different understudies will be made to demand installments because of the way that they take part in different interests. In contrast to the expert associations, however, they don't get a cut. Numerous competitors feel disheartened and abused since they don't acquire any of the cash that is created for them. A developing number of competitors are as of now leaving school right on time to enter the talented alliances to have the option to gain cash. </p> <h2>Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay - Dead or Alive? </h2> <p>In different words, College is an interest in your future. Instruction acts accurately a similar rationale. Advanced education is nearly costly in contrast with the cost of the instruction conceded in optional training organizations like secondary schools. </p> <p>Proponents of completely free school trust it would profit the entire country, not just the individual understudies who exploit it. Notwithstanding, as enlistment developed after some time, so did the financing prerequisites in each and every state. It's hard to make a situation on a school group. Adversaries of totally free school tend to feel that such a thought would simply be unreasonably costly for the administrative and state governments to keep long haul. </p> <h2> The Should College Be Paid for by the Government Essay Chronicles</h2> <p>Most schools work at a charge to the establishment, and have zero overflow of cash in the scarcest. The players ought to get some of this cash in light of the fact that without them the schools can't be in a situation to get the entirety of the fame and the cash. A few people believe that getting thoroughly free training is adequate pay on the grounds that most universities cost a great many dollars for each of the four decades. The universities competitors aren't allowed to work subsequently don't get cash to acquire the necessities. </p> <p>As a result the standard of instruction will fall fundamentally. The most clear intends to assess the harmony among private and open preferences of advanced education is concerning degree of profitability. Eventually, heaps of individuals believe that a school level training should be an outright right, inasmuch as you have the ability to pick up from it. Advanced education is of incredible cost and advantage, yet on the contrary hand, since all people contrast contingent upon their capacities, way of life and standards that society doesn't need to focus on each resident for expanded training, no matter what. </p> <p>A part of the benefit of a college degree collects to whoever gets the higher education. For many, understudy credits are the sole way to fund one's instruction. At the point when you're in school it's conceivable to examine whatever you might want to do, and when you're more seasoned, at that point it is conceivable to get paid. You would think that its conceivable to go to school, college, or exchange school without expecting to pay for educational cost while enlisted. </p> <p>You may consider the points of view of people who figure school competitors don't should be acceptable understudies. A genuine model would be that school sports occur with regards to advanced education thus instruction ought to be a piece of what school competitors do. Understudy competitors need cash equivalent to some other undergrads, and many need it much more. School competitors are frequently thought to be some of the most fortunate youthful understudies on earth. </p>

Essay Examples - Help With Your Essay

<h1>Essay Examples - Help With Your Essay</h1><p>Essay models are certainly useful with regards to composing an article. They assist you with building up the techniques for conceptualizing and use your creative mind, aptitudes, and encounters to communicate what you need to express.</p><p></p><p>The most significant pieces of a decent paper or report are the initial segment and the end. The reason for the early on area is to clarify what the issue is and to show why it is a genuine one. In the finishing up part, the author needs to clarify how the arrangement can be placed into impact, and why that arrangement is the best.</p><p></p><p>So, in searching for paper models, ensure you discover an example that plainly shows how the acquaintance and end are assumed with go. Exposition models ought to be worded so that the peruser will get the thought and afterward see precisely what the author is attempting to say.</p> <p></p><p>Besides the article models that utilization models in the early on and finishing up areas, there are likewise paper models that tell you the best way to utilize model sentences and provisions in different segments of the paper. Here's a case of an inquiry in a third-individual point of view. For this situation, the author is attempting to respond to an inquiry from the audience.</p><p></p><p>There are many article models that utilization part headers for each section. It causes the author to put the subject at the highest point of the page. The part headings likewise give the peruser the possibility of the sort of data the section is going to bargain with.</p><p></p><p>Essay models additionally tell you the best way to take utilizing a part making a beeline for put your point at the highest point of the page and afterward, in the body of the paper, how to introduce this data. Remember that your peruser may h ave just perused the initial sections, and that they may not see all of information exchanged. In this way, in those sections, you have to give brief clarifications to each idea.</p><p></p><p>Another advantage of article models is that it gives you a case of how to begin a part. For instance, in case you're composing a proposal or research paper, and you have invested energy doing research and have gotten learned on a specific subject, at that point you need to end with your examination. In any case, in case you will return and finish your examination in the accompanying passage, you should begin the exploration from the beginning.</p><p></p><p>If you've completed your examination, at that point you don't have to do the examination over once more. Exposition models tell you the best way to sort out your material so that you will have the option to compose a proposition surprisingly fast, and afterward you'll know precisely how to discl ose a similar material to a crowd of people that may not really be comfortable with the topic.</p>

Custom Writing India - Write Your Ideas With Custom Writing

<h1>Custom Writing India - Write Your Ideas With Custom Writing</h1><p>For the individuals who are searching for a site to help their organizations, custom composing India is the appropriate response. As it is otherwise called content composition, it includes the writer of the material to have his/her thoughts and contemplations distributed on the web, in digital books, bulletins, RSS channels, and different approaches to advance the organization or business. Aside from making an exposure stunt, the activity should likewise be possible by the individual to build the deals figures.</p><p></p><p>The customer and the entrepreneur need to choose the class of composing they need, which relies upon the intended interest group. Custom composing India will assist you with having your thoughts recorded in a manner that can be comprehended by an assortment of individuals. Here are a few hints for making your thoughts accessible to the privilege audienc e.</p><p></p><p>Get access to proficient scholars India for the custom composition. There are a few experts in India who are had practical experience in a specific specialty and can compose any kind of article. Moreover, the author will give you thoughts and tests of the work they have done, so you can be guaranteed that the style you picked will suit the crowd. This encourages the business to make an altered and fascinating content.</p><p></p><p>Design your organization considering the intended interest group. Make an alluring plan with a lot of connections and pictures for individuals to have simple access to your articles. Since it is a limited time device, you have to ensure that individuals will have the option to peruse your material effectively and not be debilitated by any number of pages or illustrations that you have structured. This is significant for the individuals to have a receptive outlook when finding out about your co mpany.</p><p></p><p>Custom composing India is likewise used to sell items through digital book. You should simply to have your thoughts of composing distributed on the web with the goal that it can arrive at countless individuals. The articles you compose can be utilized for your-book to advance your items and services.</p><p></p><p>You can utilize the web instruments to get your articles distributed. You can present the articles and connections to your own site and utilize the accommodation administrations to get the articles distributed. This can be an extraordinary favorable position for your organization, as it will permit you to showcase your organization and sell more.</p><p></p><p>You can compose articles to draw in various guests to your site and don't settle on the nature of the articles. You have to guarantee that the articles are snappy and have a lot of subtleties in them with the goal that the perus ers won't be disappointed by the long passages. In the event that they are of acceptable quality, they can pull in more guests to your site and permit them to buy your items and services.</p><p></p><p>The best thing about composing the articles is that you can submit them as a dependable source to get results. It doesn't make a difference on the off chance that you utilize the free help or not, on the grounds that the SEO specialists will accomplish the work and spot the articles with the correct classification. Accordingly, you can get your articles distributed and help your business to expand its sales.</p>

The Importance of the Essay Sample

<h1>The Importance of the Essay Sample</h1><p>Your exposition test is the most significant piece of your scholastic vocation. While going after a position or advancement, you have to intrigue the business by composing influential papers that catch their eye. Composing a noteworthy and useful paper is no simple errand, yet with the assistance of some example expositions, it tends to be done.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous online destinations that offer example papers that are free. A portion of these destinations offer papers on different subjects. There are various varieties in the subjects and configurations of these examples. By perusing these examples you can get a smart thought of what kind of article you ought to write.</p><p></p><p>Many understudies see the examples of exposition papers as exhausting, in light of the fact that they have perused such a significant number of tests and skill to compose a paper. Tes t articles don't give you sufficient practice or learning experience, which is fundamental in the event that you are to be effective in your career.</p><p></p><p>You can utilize these example papers as a base from where you can make modifications or to improve your aptitudes. For instance, on the off chance that you need to go into the board, you should compose an article that is progressively centered around the executives, or you might need to concentrate on a specific subject, for example, culture.</p><p></p><p>Many sites likewise give you the alternative of applying the examples to a particular zone of your inclinations. So in the event that you are keen on ecological sciences, you can discover test expositions on this subject. Additionally, in the event that you need to seek after a vocation in money, you will discover tests on fund accessible on this topic.</p><p></p><p>However, do recollect that these exa mple expositions are just aides and don't fill in for down to earth understanding. You should likewise do some training and perusing before composing an article to guarantee that your composing style coordinates the point and the destinations of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Asa understudy, it is absolutely critical that you ace the aptitudes that are important to prevail in your profession. So as to do this, you should initially ensure that you get the assistance of an expert composing program.</p>

The Biggest Myth About Film School College Essay Exposed

<h1> The Biggest Myth About Film School College Essay Exposed </h1> <h2> Type of Film School College Essay </h2> <p>Developing an astonishing school paper can lose its motivation in the occasion the substance of what you've composed isn't what the college is requesting. Following are a couple of the prompted humanism article subject for those understudies that can't settle on an extraordinary theme for their task. School educators are to some degree progressively tolerant with minor things like eating or drinking. Understudies have occupied existences and every now and again disregard a coming cutoff time. </p> <h2> The Basic Principles of Film School College Essay That You Can Benefit From Starting Right Away </h2> <p>While government help and understudy advances can permit you to bear the heap of your film school accounts, taking on an unreasonable measure of obligation can restrain your post-graduation prospects and make it har d to obtain your movie profession off the ground. Your school article is your chance to put yourself beside the several candidates who will most likely be submitting scholarly portfolios fundamentally the same as yours. As a result, going through cash to manage your papers may be testing. My major isn't moviemaking. </p> <p>When numerous schools urge innovativeness concerning making your very own announcement, it is important to consolidate best composing practices to ensure a piece that is easy to peruse, intensive, and locks in. The composing test supplies you with one more opportunity to uncover what kind of narrator you'd love to be. As the interest for an amazing understudy has never been higher, it isn't unexpected to reason that they have to outfit themselves with different comprehension. Getting to a school can make things a mess more straightforward to you, particularly with respect to more training and vocation advancement and the school empowers you do grow ne w ideas and thoughts all through the paper composing and the principle motivation behind why different subjects are the bit of routine conversations is the development of the basic and diagnostic reasoning. </p> <h2>The Characteristics of Film School College Essay </h2> <p>Thus, the article should harmonize with the candidate's characteristics and interests with the goal for it to support the conceivable outcomes of affirmation. The term of your exposition isn't what colleges begin searching for. Teacher Mitchell acquired an award to have a class of understudies to Belgium to have the option to contemplate the EU. Regardless, likewise ensure that language is all together. </p> <p>When going after positions, also, it looks a lot increasingly esteemed when it's indicated that one went to a college rather than a junior college. Forthcoming undergrads may likewise be mentioned to form a school paper for a part of their first necessities. Secondary sch ool is a necessity and a totally free spot of learning, while school is discretionary and expensive. Individual schools are far superior than state funded schools. </p> <p>Please know, expositions won't be returned. If it's not too much trouble know, your short paper won't be returned. In the event that you are needing a very much created exposition, at that point you can rely upon us to convey. Our confirmation paper models can demonstrate that we're here so as to give basically the perfect help to guarantee you which you present an application article that you could be positive about. </p> <p>All you need to do is determine in the event that you need your exposition to be conveyed. There's no moderate warm-up or wide presentation toward the start of the article. Before you even start composing the substance of your school exposition, there are various paper composing essential guide that you have to consistently recall. </p> <h2> A Secret Weapon for Film School College Essay</h2> <p>As you are keen on getting the paper to convey the absolute best data about you, you need to do intensive groundwork for the example school affirmation papers to achieve its motivations. The aim of the framework is to flexibly you with an outline' of the paper and direct reference when composing. This issue of Shakespeare has ever incited a particular sort of enthusiastic response. For a start, the typical application article themes need you to utilize language that is totally liberated from language imperfections and linguistic slip-ups. </p> <h2> The Ultimate Film School College Essay Trick</h2> <p>In the cutting edge society, the idea of an advanced degree has gotten less of an alternative and a greater amount of a fundamental necessity and is typically viewed as the main way to gain a prosperous profession and life. Generally, because of the general trouble of state law oriented scrutinizations, most graduate school graduates had decided to take an outside bar arrangement program. On the off chance that you'll contain subtleties that may legitimately hit the necessities of the school, at that point it is anything but difficult to get the approvalA that you should be acknowledged for enlistment. Eminent training is something which the vast majority of us seek to have. </p> <h2> Film School College Essay </h2> <p>You're probably going to need to begin solid in the event that you wish to really snatch the enthusiasm of the entrance advisory board. Recorded underneath are the ensures we offe r to anyone willing for master support. In case you're applying to film school, you should see only the manner in which you can make a great application to help your probability of confirmation. At the point when a craftsmanship school gives the alternative of presenting an individual articulation, it may be enticing for swear off the opportunity. </p> <p>Your guardians must be excessively pleased. Be sure to plan enough in the event that you mean on applying to film school. Movie school is a phenomenal technique to get going in the right bearing. In your application, film schools wish to discover the sorts of stories you have to tell. </p>

Knowledge Is Power And Education - 949 Words

Knowledge is Power Education has been a very controversial issue over the years and has been becoming an increasing topic for discussion. Many people will say a formal education is the only way to get anywhere in life while others claim that with soaring college prices, the education might not actually be worth it. Molly Knefel, author of â€Å"Incarceration vs. Education,† stated in her article â€Å"Americans believe that education is the great equalizer, the key that opens the door to a better future.† A proper education is vital in order to become successful in life. However, this education does not have to be in a formal setting such as high school or college. Knowledge is everywhere and life is filled with lessons we try to grasp as we try and fail during our teen years. It is important to try many things because this is what teaches us our valuable life lessons. It is also crucial that we remind ourselves we are in charge of our own success and we take the resp onsibility to educate ourselves. Through all of this we must remember that failure is inevitable and we must think of this failure as a lesson rather than a downfall. Being involved in extracurricular activities is necessary in order to help students find their mentor. As Johanna Wald, author of â€Å"Extracurricular Drug Testing,† stated â€Å"it increases the chances that struggling students will find mentors who recognize and nurture their talents and abilities, and will discover â€Å"islands of competence† that boost theirShow MoreRelatedTechnology Is The Key Factor For Future Generations971 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough education they will become more knowledgeable and educated than the last generation. Education is the key factor in differing generations, without it they would only be replicas of the generation beforehand. Without being taught education we would still be in â€Å"Caveman Times† creating fire with sticks instead of where we are today crea ting advanced technology that would help educate the minds of many for future generations to come. Education brings us knowledge, from knowledge we gain power, withRead MoreProblems Of Traditional American Education943 Words   |  4 Pages Antonia Darder sets a language in Culture and Power in the Classroom that critiques the traditional American educational system while challenging teachers to a new thinking of culture and diversity in the classroom. Using the groundings from several theories, theory and resistance, regimes of truth, and theory of hegemony, she set the platform of the hidden curriculum that is valued in traditional public education. She seeks to use several theoretical frameworks to create a bicultural critical pedagogicalRead MoreImportance Of Higher Education1106 Words   |  5 Pages Higher Education is Necessary Higher education, it is vital for success, a better future, and the key to many opportunities. This has been what we have been told our entire life, but is it true? Is higher education necessary? These are the questions that pop into the heads of many college students every time they must write a paper or have a hard test coming up. Is it really worth it? Should I stop? Then the answer to all these questions come flying to their heads, and they continue writing thoseRead MoreThe Value Of Education In Animal Farm, By George Orwell1363 Words   |  6 Pagesdominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a tool that can be used to one’s advantage. Living in a world where power is easy to gain, the pigs quickly use education (or lack thereof) to manipulate the rest of the animals on the farm to serve themselves. This story ultimately reveals the underlying message that   first, education is important to all levels of society, next, for when it is not, society is stratified,Read MoreEducation And Problem Posing Education1589 Words   |  7 PagesFreire enlightens his readers into two different views of education; banking education and problem-posing education. These two approaches are on opposite ends of the educational spectrum. Banking education describes the student as a bank that the teacher is depositing knowledge into. In this form of education students are hoped to retain all the education that the teachers is presenting. Problem-posing education differs in the way that students gain information. This method is more creative and explorativeRead MoreSlavery And African American Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom as he acquired knowledge. To those who are oppressed by the chains of slavery, education is a rarity. To oppressors, keeping slaves ignorant is ideal. African-American social reformer, Frederick Douglass, experienced the bondage of slavery and t he influence education held in regards to gaining his freedom. Education was a major force for social change with regard to to slavery and African-American rights. Slavery is only possible because of the influence of education. In his autobiographyRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life Of Knowledge And Education1329 Words   |  6 PagesEducation to Liberation Frederick Douglass was a young slave with an aspiring dream to learn and further his life of knowledge and education. There was only one thing stopping him: his lack of freedom. The ability to read and access to an education is a liberating experience that results in the formation of opinions, critical-thinking, confidence, and self-worth. Slave owners feared slaves gaining knowledge because knowledge is power and they might have a loss of power, which would result to theRead MoreA Few Ways That Foucault s Conceptualization Of Bio Power And Of Disciplinary Knowledge And Practices976 Words   |  4 PagesThere are a few ways that Foucault’s conceptualization of bio-power and of disciplinary knowledge and practices may be evident in college settings. One example of bio-power in a college setting might be birth control and sex education at my university. Another example of bio-power in our colleges is a requirement of a health credit, such as basic health or physical education, in order to graduate. Like bio-power, disciplinary knowledge and practices are used in our university and other community collegesRead MoreThe Power Of The Human Brain1278 Words   |  6 Pagesmind has the ultimate power and limitless potential to create results, aspiration, and knowledge. As Swami Vivekananda said, â€Å"We are responsible for what we are and whatever we wish ourselves to be, we have the power to make ourselves.† The power of the human brain is what one wants it to be. Society expects a great deal from individuals, but this is only a motivator. The influence of society and personal experiences both cause people to gain further intelligence from power of one’s brain. IndividualsRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Fugitive Slave And A Free Man1192 Words   |  5 PagesDouglass argues that in order to achieve physical freedom, a slave must seek knowledge and an education. In reading â€Å"The Columbian Orator† by Caleb Binghams, Douglass learns that the slave industry is dependent on the constant and absolute control of slaveholders over their slaves.[] Therefore, in order to maintain control, slaveholders perpetuated slavery by maintaining their slave’s ignorance and depriving them of an education.[] By doing so, slave owners reduced their slave’s state of mind to that

Michelin Analysis free essay sample

Michelin financial analysis| Michelin Company Profile Michelin is a tire producing company created in 1863 by the Michelin brothers. Originally based in Clermont Ferrand, the company is now located in more than 170 countries and owns 84 production site all around the world. Even if their core business is the production of tires they diversified their activities in 1900 with the first Michelin map amp; guides and extend their knowledge for special sector with new type of tires such as plane tire for instance. Michelin is the second leader of tire market after Bridgestone. In 2010, they had a turnover of 17  891 millions â‚ ¬ with an increase of 20% from 2009. Michelin is on the stock exchange market since 1951 which means the company can increase their equity thanks to investors and at the same time stay secure and independent. In 2010, Michelin launches its biggest increase of equity introducing 27. 2 million of new shares for a total amount of 1. 2 billion euros helping to finance its development cost estimated at 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Michelin Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 billion euros. They have 3 major products families : * Production of tourism tyres * Production of truck tyres Others specialties (tyre for airplane, space shuttle, maps amp; guides, GPS†¦) We can see that their core business is the tire market with more than 86% of their activities. Geographically, their major market is Europe with 49. 9% of their revenues (7. 7 billion euros) followed by North America with 34. 4% and other regions with 22. 7%. Michelin’s major market which is Europe has been declining by 7. 5% between 2005 and 2010 whereas North America gains 1. 7% and 5. 8% for the others regions as emerging countries. Through the years and to extend their activities worldwide, Michelin has developed new rands. Michelin and BF Goodrich  are the two worldwide brands, established in many countries. Then, Michelin also developed regional brands such as Kleber, Uniroyal, Warrior with a strong presence respectively in Europe, North America and China. Added to these brands, Michelins created few distribution brands as Euromaster, TCI, respectively in Europe and North America. I. Market analysis Michelin is represented in two different markets: * Market of new tire This market is especially dealing with car manufacturer through partnership. For instance, Michelin has an old partnership with Citroen which is buying big quantities of tires in order to be set up directly on their production chain. In this market, Michelin is very dependent from the car manufacturer’s market and fluctuate according to the increase or decrease of new car sales. In 2010, this market has been increasing by 15% thanks firstly to the revival of the car industry in the Western countries, mostly helped by country states and secondly to the growth of exportation to emerging countries. * Market of replacement This market is linked with retailers, as they buy and sell tires in stores to replace a defective one. This market is less dangerous for Michelin as it is almost constant and represents ? of tires production market. Concerning the replacement market, products are distributed via dealerships and replacement service centers. This is done either via Michelin’s own distribution brands (Euromaster in Europe and TCI in North America), but also using brand partnerships and franchises to be present in 27 countries all over the world. Equipment repartition per segment| Car segment| Truck segment| Original equipment| 28. 10%| 17. 40%| Replacement equipment| 71. 90%| 82. 60%| In 2010, the replacement market has increased by 9% in the segment of tourism and van tires in Europe with the increase of the demand for special winter tire due to severe weather condition last winter. II. Competition Michelin operates in a very competitive market with several competitors, either from Europe or emerging countries. The four main producers are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear and Continental which are counting for more than 50% in the worldwide market. However, new entrants such as Sumitomo, Yokohama, Hankook and coming from Asian countries have gained market shares rapidly. These emerging countries are developing a middle class with enough purchase power to buy either Michelin tires through distribution centers or new cars equipped with Michelin tires. As we can see on the table above, the Asian market is now growing as fast as traditional market such as Europe and North America. The most increasing market is South America which increases its demand by greatly in 2010. Furthermore, these emerging countries will account for 50% of global automobile output in 2012, showing that Michelin has to be on these markets in order to preserve its 2nd largest producer worldwide rank. Asian market Michelin is already well implanted in the replacement segment with their distribution centers â€Å"Tyre Plus† leading the Asian market with more than 570 local centers in China and a total of 970 centers in 9 Asian countries. Michelin has also developed its own brand called â€Å"Warrior† to enter in the Asian market, especially the Chinese market in order to compete with Hankook. To be closer to the demand, Michelin has already built 3 productions sites and will add a new one in 2011 in Shenyang. Indian market Most of the increase of Michelin on the Indian market was due to new partnership with truck manufacturer such as Tata, the biggest one in India. Michelin became an original supplier of Tata for tires in the original equipment for truck segment in 2010 helping it to increase theirs sales and to gain brand recognition. Following this path, Michelin opened 6 new truck service centers the same year and plan the opening of a new production site in Chennai in 2011. South American market Michelin has known a significant progression in 2010 on Brazilian, Chilean, Colombian and Argentinean truck market with a global increase of 41% in the replacement market. Added to that, Michelin did few partnerships with local truck manufacturers and benefit from the 47% increase of new trucks purchases last year. * Invest in Research amp; Development Michelin has to face two main issues: innovation in the tire market and raw material raising cost. In both issues, Ramp;D is a key solution. During the last years, Michelin has invested 500 million euros per year in Ramp;D to find alternatives solution to rubber issue and keep innovating. Cost of raw material Globally, the tire industry uses nearly 70% of world’s natural rubber production. With more than 60% of production costs depending only on rubber, Michelin is facing difficulties when there is an explosion of the price on the market. Since 2009, natural rubber price has increased by 60% and synthetical rubber, as it is made with petroleum, is increasing too. Like oil, which is also used to make synthetic rubber, nonrenewable raw materials are becoming increasingly scarce and will remain expensive in the years ahead, notably due to strong demand from China and India. Optimizing raw material use is essential if these resources are to be conserved over the long term and if tires are to remain affordably priced. With Ramp;D, Michelin can find alternatives materials to rubber and increase the production of synthetical rubber to replace the natural one on basic tires. Unfortunately, high performance tires will still require natural rubber, whose properties make it irreplaceable, especially for truck, farm equipment and earthmover tires. Innovation In order to compete on the global market, Michelin has to be on first line for innovation. Michelin has started to invest in Ramp;D to create new types of tires, which will have less impact on fuel consumption and smaller eco-footprint. For instance, in 2010, Michelin has released a new truck tire called â€Å"Michelin X Energy Saver Green†. On average it permits the standard family car to reduce fuel consumption by 520 liters per year thanks to a better road holding. This new eco-friendly product matches the demand from trucks manufacturer, states upcoming laws about transport and final clients. As several countries are becoming more and more environmental friendly. Michelin has to anticipate the vote of laws to protect environment especially in Europe and North America, its two biggest markets in terms of sales. By increasing the production of eco-friendly tires, they would be able to face the new environmental requirement from government, organism and even from their car manufacturers partners that are already investing in hybrid and less polluting cars and trucks. Tires companies that are not anticipating these changes would not survive in this highly competitive market.

Relationship Between Obesity And Vitamin D â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relationship Between Obesity And Vitamin D? Answer: Introducation According toTurer, Lin Flores, 2013, Vitamin D is the principalnutrient responsible for bone metabolism.Ithelps in providing proper skeletal health(Dimitri, Wales Bishop, 2010).Rays of the sun and hepatic synthesis are the two crucial pathways providing Vitamin D support for the body. It is the Vitamin D, which peaks the bone mass accrual during adolescence and childhood (Turer, Lin Flores, 2013). Deficiency of vitamin D (25 hydroxy Vitamin D) is associated with several skeletal problems like increased susceptibility of the fractured bone joints, tooth decay rickets, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and osteomalacia along with Blount disease (Turer, Lin Flores, 2013). According toReyman et al., 2014, deficiency of Vitamin D cause chronic healthcare conditions. These health conditions include hypertension, diabetes(via the affect glucose homeostasis) (Olson et al., 2012), cardiovascular disease, homeostasis and multiple sclerosis(Holick, 2006). One of the principal causes of Vita min D deficiency is obesity(Holick, 2007). Obesity arisingout of the vitamin D deficiency is mostly due to the decreased in the level of bio-available vitamin D3from the cutaneous and other dietary sources(Reyman et al., 2014).Vitamin D is a fat-solubleprotein, increase in the body weight is promoted by the increase in the fat tissue, and Vitamin D gets absorbed inside these adipose tissues leading to deficiency. The alternative theory sates that the increase in the fat tissue disrupt the normal hormonal pathway leading to fragile skeletal function. Obese individuals are found to have low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in blood plasma. Low 25(OH)D is associated with high level of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in blood plasma(Wortsman, Matsuoka, Chen, Lu Holick, 2000). According toMason, Xiao, Imayama, Duggan, Wang, KordeMcTiernan, 2014, supplementation of Vitamin D does not directly promote weight loss but increases the chances of reducing weight. Comparison Between Key Objective of the Research According tothe paper,Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial13(Paper 1), obesity is associated with deficiency in Vitamin D.It also claims that vitamin D promotes weight loss via improving the metabolic markers(Beydoun, Boueiz, ShroffBeydoun,Wang Zonderman, 2010). However, higher BMI rate is associated with lower concentration of Vitamin D. Although studies related to epidemiologic evidence indicated that the high concentrations of the circulating VitaminD is associated with comparatively less gain in the body weight and significantly lower risk of generating obesity-related metabolic complications (Mai, Chen Camargo Langhammer, 2012).The aim of the study is to investigate how vitamin D supplementation promotes weight loss(Vimaleswaran, Berry, Lu, TikkanenPilz, 2013). The study also aims of explore the unknown sphere of Vitamin D in relation to weight loss as weight loss via several lifestyle intervention as this section still remain s untouched. accounting to Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity(Paper 2), the obesity, which is common during the early childhood, is majorly associated with systematic inflammatory reactions and low-grade hypersensitivity (Mora, Iwata Von Andrian, 2008). The hypersensitivity leads to the generation of insulin insensitivity (Gagnon et al., 2012). This insulin insensitivity makes the insulin receptors in the hepatic cells inactive leading to the generation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Childhood obesity is also found associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the later stages of life. This obese child has been found suffering from low blood concentration of Vitamin D. Vitamin D is known for its profound immunomodulatory function, this primary hypothesis of the research paper is Vitamin D deficiency among the childhood obese people has a strong relation with the enhan ced level of systemic infection and increase in the insulin tolerance. According to Prevalence of Vitamin D De?ciency Among Overweight and Obese US Children(Paper 3) ,adequate level of vitamin D in blood is regarded as an essential factor for maintaining proper skeletal health in the developing children who are gradually attaining their puberty (Harel, Flanagan, ForcierHarel, 2011). Although overweight or excess gain of the fat tissue in the body is associated with an increased risk of developing sound vitamin D de?ciency. The research paper aims to elucidate the risk factors, which are associated with the low levels of the Vitamin D in blood of obese or overweight children. Comparison between Methodology Undertaken and the Nature of Participants In Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial13, randomized clinical trial was performed. The principal target population of the study included 218postmenopausal women in Seattle, WA who are aged in between 50 to 75 years and are overweight. They possessed serum Vitamin D concentration in between =10 ng/mL but Comparison betweenResults and Conclusion The outcome of the study conducted by Mason et al.,showed that Vitamin D3 supplementation during the weight loss regime has no direct relationwith the process of weight loss or other associated factors when compared with the placebo. The women under trial are though are kept under restricted calorie diet and strict exercise regime program. The findings are in sync with the Zittermann et al (2009). However, repletewomen experienced better improvements.The women showed a significant decrease in the CRP than that of the placebo. The research however, failed to elucidate to the extent at which obesity is related with the low concentration of Vitamin D. Moreover, the research also did not explored the validity of the similar results on the basis if the higher Vitamin D concentration. The relation of vitamin D may be significant with weight loss with severely obese women or non-menopausal women but the study did nit explored these diverse directions of the Vitamin D effect. The results of the paper entitled with Vitamin D deficiency in childhood showed that the severe vitamin D deficiency is present in obese children in comparison to the healthy control children. Moreover, The Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficient obese children showed high level of non-reactive insulin receptors than those of other obese children who are not suffering from vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, obese children with 25(OH)D-deficiency showed greater concentration of the inflammatory mediators in the body. The inflammatory mediators show was found present include chemerin, cathepsin S and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM). On the basis of the above results, the study concluded that 25(OH)D deficiency occurring during the childhood of the obese children is directly associated with the enhanced level of systemic inflammation along with reduced level of insulin sensitivity in blood. The high concentration of the inflammatory mediators like cathepsin S and sVCAM give a direct indication of the h yper activation of the pro-inflammatory response. The study further concluded that, the pro-diabetic and atherogenicpathway which are few of the most essential pathways in the body leads to the decrease in the synthesis of the Vitamin D from the hepatic cells. This physiological condition can easily be controlled via external supplementation of vitamin D.The results of this cross sectional study, conducted by the Christy et al., (2012) sowed the direct prevalence of the vitamin D de?ciency in healthy-weight children, overweight children, obese children, and severely obese children children. The percentage was found range 21% (20% 22%), 29% (27%31%), 34% (32%36%), and 49% (45%53%), respectively. As per the available numerical data, it was easy to interpret that the prevalence of the vitamin D de?ciency in blood is severein the obese children in compared with the healthy weight children. The overweight, obese or severely obese children also showed signi?cant greater level of the vitam in D de?ciency. Furthermore, on following the numerical analysis, the modi?able factors, which are associated with the vitamin D de?ciency in the overweight or obese children were critically identi?ed. From the study, this research paper concluded that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the overweight and obese children. This increase in the prevalence of the Vitamin D deficiency suggested that there is an increase in the need of targeted screening and subsequent treatment of this psychology anomaly. Comparative Study of the ArticlesVia Tabular Representation No. Methods Analysis 1 It conducted a randomized control clinical trial among the women in Seattle. The women here selected are post menopausal, obese and aged in between 50 to 75 years. They provided the oral supplementation of Vitamin D from external support and tried to ascertain the affect of Vitamin D in weight loss in comparison to placebo. 2 Cross-sectional study was performed with obese children between the age group of 6 to 16 years. 3 It is a cross-sectional study performed in between the children of 6 to 18 years. They took the data from the survey or NHANES conducted in between 2003-2004 and 2005-2006.Here the children selected include healthy, obese or severely obese and over weight Conclusion and Discussion Analysis Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 The paper showed that Vitamin D is not directly related with the weight loss program among the postmenopausal women. Because, external supplementation of the Vitamin D increases the sensitivity towards insulin and reducesother risk factors of obesity.Itonly helps in fighting back against obesity indirectly. The result of the study showed that obese children suffer from Vitamin deficiency. Because, of vitamin D in blood promotes pro-inflammatory response and drop in the insulin sensitivity and accelerating the weight gain and other weight related complications High prevalence of Vitamin D is associated with the obese children in comparison to non-obese children. The remedy is external supply of Vitamin D to prevent deficiency and not weight loss. Because vitamin D is not the reason behind weight loss, it decreases the insulin sensitivity. All the three papers led to the same direction. They claimed that vitamin D deficiency is an important marker for obesity. However, it is not directly related to weight gain. Drop in the concentration of vitamin D cause increase in pro-inflammatory response followed by deficiency in insulin sensitivity. Decrease in insulin sensitivity causes diabetes mellitus leading to weight gain. Studies though conducted on women or children show that effect of vitamin D deficiency is significant in diverse age group. Three studies showed partially different output from the study due to the different in the focused group undertaken in the study. In study conducted by Importance of Vitamin and Obesity Vitamin D is an important factor for the proper skeletal development. However, it has been found that Vitamin D is highly deficient among the obese people, the condition is same both among the women, men and children. However, external supply of Vitamin D has no direct relation with the weight loss regime. However, external supply of Vitamin D has been found to increase the sensitivity towards insulin. Increase in the tolerance of insulin is the principal cause behind the occurrence of the Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a life style disease and is a driving force behind obesity(Mandrup, 2013). Vitamin D thus decreasing the susceptibility towards diabetics mellitus in turn reduce the chance of developing or gaining weight(Mandrup, 2013). However, Vitamin D though not related directly with the obesity but must be treated in active consideration. This is due to the fact thatdeficiency of Vitamin D is associated with the increase in the concentration of the inflammatory mediators in the body and enhanced level of systemic inflammation in blood. Increase in the pro-inflammatory mediators lead to the increase in the level of hypersensitivity response leading to complications. Vitamin D is the main contributor towards the bone development so decrease in the Vitamin D in blood as a result of obesity may lead to generation of fragile bone and at times it may affect in teeth (Mason et al., 2014; Turer, Lin Flores, 2013; Reyman et al., 2014) Opinion about the Articles As per my current understanding, all of the three review papers,I am convinced that there is a direct link between obesity and vitamin D deficiency across the age bracket.I alsounderstood thatVitamin D supplementation is crucial for the obese person.The authors here looked for the right and appropriate papers to perform cross-sectional analysisvia random sampling. They also have stringently cited recent studies focusing the role of Vitamin D in obesity. All the important and relevant studies that have been conducted in this particular field are included in these research papers and are clearly discussed in a collated manner. All the important outcomes, which are associated with the decreased level of VitaminD in theblood are considered in detail.The limitations of the studies are, they do not compare the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obese children and adult individuals. The papers also failed to ascertain the independent effect of Vitamin D apart from weight loss interventi on. The papers also overlooked the effect of other hormones and biomarkers in insulin activity during obesity.These limitations can be overcomed via performing a comparative study of dealing with the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obese children and adultperson while keeping all other biomarkers (related to insulin activity) into consideration.The casual link between vitamin D deficiency and already been established in all the three papers.This relationship or rather finding is extremely helpful for the screening of obese children who are suffering from skeletal malfunction. It is also helpful to promote the weight loss regime for postmenopausal obese women.However, further research must be undertaken in order to understand common link between supplementation of vitamin and weight loss.Manson et al., 2014 however has stated that there is no direct relation of vitamin D with weight loss but they overlooked the effect of other biomarkers and hence research must be undertaken t o refine and support this finding further. Scientifically Justified Arguments According to Reyman et al., vitamin obesity is associated with childhood obesity this was again proved in the paper of Drincic, Armas, Diest Heaney, 2012. According to it cutaneously synthesized and ingested vitamin D in obese patients explains their low level of vitamin D.These findings, was further strengthened by Turer, Lin Flores, 2013. So the deficiency of vitamin D is an established fact in obesity. In the paper, Mason, Xiao, Imayama, Duggan, Wang, Korde McTiernan, 2014, vitamin D supplementation do not increase the weight loss but increases the chances on reducing weight. However, a paper published in the year 2012 by Rosenblum et al., stated that vitamin D when supplemented with calcium promotes the decrease in the accounting of visceral adipose tissue in obese individuals. This variance in the study response may be attributed due to the use of calcium with vitamin D or difference in the focused group people or the diet chart they followed. References: Beydoun, M. A., Boueiz, A., Shroff, M. R., Beydoun, H. A., Wang, Y., Zonderman, A. B. (2010). Associations among 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diet quality, and metabolic disturbance differ by adiposity in adults in the United States.The Journal of Clinical economics Metabolism,vol. 95(8), pp. 3814-3827.https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0410 Dimitri, P., Wales, J. K., Bishop, N. (2010). Fat and bone in children: differential effects of obesity on bone size and mass according to fracture history.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,25(3), 527-536.10.1359/jbmr.090823 Gagnon, C., Lu, Z. X., Magliano, D. J., Dunstan, D. W., Shaw, J. E., Zimmet, P. Z., ... Daly, R. M. (2012). Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased risk of the development of the metabolic syndrome at five years: results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab).The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,vol. 97(6), pp. 1953-1961. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3187 Harel, Z., Flanagan, P., Forcier, M., Harel, D. (2011). Low vitamin D status among obese adolescents: prevalence and response to treatment.Journal of Adolescent Health,vol. 48(5), pp. 448-452.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.01.011 Holick, M. F. (2006, March). High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health.InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 353-373).Elsevier. Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency.N Engl j Med,2007(357), 266-281. Mai, X. M., Chen, Y., Camargo Jr, C. A., Langhammer, A. (2012).Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and obesity in adults: the HUNT study.American journal of epidemiology,vol. 175(10), pp. 1029-1036.https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr456 Mandrup-Poulsen, T. (2013). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Dermatologic clinics,vol. 31(3), pp. 495-506. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2013.04.006 Mason, C., Xiao, L., Imayama, I., Duggan, C., Wang, C. Y., Korde, L., McTiernan, A. (2014). Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition,vol. 99(5), pp. 1015-1025.doi:10.3945/?ajcn.113.073734 Mason, C., Xiao, L., Imayama, I., Duggan, C., Wang, C. Y., Korde, L., McTiernan, A. (2014). Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition,vol. 99(5), pp. 1015-1025. DOI: : 10.3945/ajcn.113.073734 Mora, J. R., Iwata, M., Von Andrian, U. H. (2008). Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage.Nature reviews. Immunology,vol. 8(9), pp. 685. Olson, M. L., Maalouf, N. M., Oden, J. D., White, P. C., business-law, M. R. (2011).Vitamin D deficiency in obese children and its relationship to glucose homeostasis.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,97(1), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1507 Reyman, M., Stuart, A. V., Van Summeren, M., Rakhshandehroo, M., Nuboer, R., De Boer, F. K., ...Schipper, H. S. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity.International journal of obesity,vol. 38(1), pp. 46. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.75 Reyman, M., Stuart, A. V., Van Summeren, M., Rakhshandehroo, M., Nuboer, R., De Boer, F. K., ...Schipper, H. S. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity.International journal of obesity,vol. 38(1), pp. 46. DOI: 0307-0565/14 Turer, C. B., Lin, H., Flores, G. (2013).Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children.Pediatrics,vol. 131(1), pp. e152-e161. Turer, C. B., Lin, H., Flores, G. (2013).Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children.Pediatrics,131(1), e152-e161. DOI doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1711 Vimaleswaran, K. S., Berry, D. J., Lu, C., Tikkanen, E., Pilz, S. (2013). Causal Relationship between Obesity and Vitamin D Status: Bi-Directional Mendelian.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001383 Wortsman, J., Matsuoka, L. Y., Chen, T. C., Lu, Z., Holick, M. F. (2000).Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity.The American journal of clinical nutrition,vol. 72(3), pp. 690-693. Zittermann, A., Frisch, S., Berthold, H. K., Gtting, C., Kuhn, J., Kleesiek, K., ...Koerfer, R. (2009). Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers.The American journal of clinical nutrition,vol. 89(5), pp. 1321-1327.10.3945/?ajcn.2008.27004 Drincic, A. T., Armas, L. A., Diest, E. E., Heaney, R. P. (2012). Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity.Obesity,vol. 20(7), pp. 1444-1448.